Particle Emissions and Disc Temperature Profiles from a Commercial Brake System Tested on a Dynamometer under Real-World Cycles

The particle emissions from a commercial brake system utilizing copper-free pads have been characterized on dynamometer under two real-world driving cycles. These included novel cycle developed analysis of the database World Harmonized Test Procedure (WLTP-Brake) and short version Los Angeles City Traffic (3h-LACT) in framework European LowBraSys project. Disc temperature measurements using an array embedded thermocouples revealed large temporal spatial non-uniformity with radial distribution depending also test procedure. Averaging over duration cycle, it effectively reduced influence thermocouple positioning, allowing for more reliable quantification effectiveness convective cooling. Particulate Matter (PM) were similar both cycles PM2.5 averaging at 2.2 (±0.2) mg/km WLTP-Brake 3h-LACT, respectively. corresponding PM10 5.6 8.6 (±0.7) mg/km, formation nanosized particles peaking 10 nm, which thermally stable 350 °C Volatile nanoparticles observed demanding 3h-LACT their emission rates decreasing increasing tunnel flow, suggesting nucleation organic vapors released during braking as potential process.